How to check and monitor your hard drive's health - No Hard Drive Lives
Forever
Of all the PC components, few require more care and attention than a hard drive. We’ve all heard the admonishments to defragment drives, and clean up junk files to keep all our 1s and 0s sparkling. No matter how well you care for it, however, at some point that drive is going to fail. Sometimes you can hear it coming, sometimes it happens suddenly in the middle of a project, and other times it just refuses to boot one morning.
Whatever way your hard drive meets its end, it’s a certainty you’ll see it happen if you use a PC long enough. Hard drives are complicated little devices. The primary components are the magnetic platters that contain the data, as well as the head that reads and writes the data.
Those moving parts are the great benefit and big flaw of your hard drive. One ill-timed drop of a laptop, or a sudden move of a desktop tower, and the drive can be irreparably damaged. Wait long enough, however, and the drive will just fail on its own.
That’s why hard drives need closer monitoring than a solid state drive, which has no moving parts. They die too, but usually not under the same conditions.
While you can’t always predict when or how your hard drive will bite the dust, you can take a few steps to see it coming.
Get SMART
The first tool for keeping tabs on a hard drive is its Self-Monitoring, Analysis, and Reporting Technology, or SMART, feature. This system is built into most modern hard drives and SSDs, and it’s designed to report when your drive is failing or encountering issues. Drive manufacturers can take their own approaches to SMART, but they generally measure similar performance points such as read error rates, mechanical shock, hard disk temperature, seek time performance, and so on.
Most of the time the SMART system works in the background, but you can bring it to the fore in a number of ways.
The simplest way is to use the Windows command line utility WMIC, which stands for Windows Management Instrumentation Command-line (utility). This basic tool is a simple yay/nay health result based on the SMART statistics. Open a Windows command prompt and enter the following: wmic diskdrive get model,status.
CrystalDisk Info
If you’d like something with a little more detail then another option is to use CrystalDisk Info. CDI is a free desktop program that can display a lot of information about your disks, but the top area is probably enough for most people.
Here, CDI displays a status for each drive using a color-coding system: Good (blue), Caution (yellow), Bad (red), and Unknown (gray). Most of the time you should just see a Good status, but if you see one of the others it’s time to keep an eye on that drive.
But here’s the thing about checking the SMART status: It’s not 100-percent reliable. Consider a Google study published in 2007: The authors found that 36 percent of the drives monitored for the study reported no SMART issues at all before failing.
Things haven’t changed much either. In 2016, Backblaze reported that it was seeing 23.3 percent of its data center drives failing without reporting issues from the five SMART attributes it tracks.
Statistically speaking the majority of discs do report SMART issues before failing; however, statistics become less reliable when trying to predict the fate of a single drive. In other words, your particular drive might report issues before failing, or it might not.
SMART is also a part of SSDs, but it has the same drawbacks and limitations as hard drives. The best solution right now for SSDs is to use monitoring tools provided by the drive maker such as Crucial’s Storage Executive, WD’s SSD Dashboard, or Samsung’s Magician Software (for EVO 860 and up).
Beyond SMART
While SMART is a useful tool for monitoring your drive’s health, you should also keep an eye on how your drive behaves and sounds. If you start to hear a grinding noise emanating from your PC, for example, that is mostly likely the hard drive. Either its end is near, or it’s going to start malfunctioning soon.
Even if you don’t hear a funny noise, your drive can cause odd things such as frequent crashes, a high number or error messages, folder or file names that have odd characters in them, very sluggish performance, or documents suddenly filled with garbage. Most of these issues are a pretty clear sign your drives are about to end, but not always.
First, check to see if your storage device drivers are up to date. This is a good basic step for any component, and it may improve your storage drive’s performance if you’re encountering issues.
If a driver update doesn’t help, run Windows’ built-in ‘chkdsk’ (check disk) command-line utility. For those looking to take extra care, run it every few months, at the start of each quarter, for example.
’Chkdsk’ runs only with elevated privileges. To do this, search for command prompt in the Windows 10 search box, and then select Run as administrator from the options as pictured here.
To just check the status of all your drives type chkdsk for a read-only status of your drives. If you want it to fix problems you need to run the check disk program with the /F or /R options. The /F option focuses on fixing filesystem errors, while the /R option also checks for bad physical sectors on the drive—don’t use the /R option on an SSD as this option is not built for solid state drives. The /R option can take a very long time to complete, and needs to work on a reboot so only run that when you have the time. The /F option also needs a reboot to run but requires less time.
An example command might be chkdsk d: /r. That command tells the utility to check only your D drive. In this scenario the C: drive is an NvME SSD and D: is the higher-capacity hard drive that requires servicing.
Windows 10 is set to run chkdsk automatically, so you may be alerted to issues before you do a manual run of this utility.
Life after death
To avoid the worst effects of dying storage drives, make
sure you’re doing regular backups. For example keep a copy of RDX removable disk
storage or Tape backup so you're "air-gapped" offsite and offline.
Contact your BackupWork Account Rep today at 866
801 2944 for all your Backup and Archival storage needs.